What is the term for the ability of neural circuitry to acquire functions through training?

The term that describes the ability of neural circuitry to acquire functions through training is known as neural plasticity. This concept highlights the brain's remarkable ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life. It emphasizes that the brain is not a static organ; instead, it adjusts its structure and function in response to learning, experience, and environmental changes. This underpins various learning processes, from motor skills to cognitive development, showcasing how repeated exposure and practice can lead to functional changes in the neural pathways.

Neural adaptation generally refers to the gradual calibration of neural responses to a constant stimulus but does not encompass the broader concept of acquiring new capabilities through training. Neural capacity is a less commonly used term that doesn't focus specifically on the brain's ability to adapt and learn. Neural efficiency refers to the optimization of brain function and may not explicitly address the transformative learning process that occurs through training, making "neural plasticity" the most accurate choice in this context.