What part of the brain is known for complex thinking and problem-solving abilities?

The cortex is the part of the brain primarily responsible for complex thinking and problem-solving abilities. It is the outer layer of the brain and is divided into different regions that handle various cognitive functions, including reasoning, planning, decision-making, and abstract thought. The cortex is essential for higher-order brain functions, which distinguishes human intelligence and allows for advanced problem-solving.

The cerebellum, while important for coordination and balance, does not play a significant role in complex cognitive processes. The brainstem is responsible for regulating fundamental life functions such as breathing, heart rate, and sleep but does not engage in higher-level thinking. The hippocampus is mainly associated with memory formation and learning rather than direct problem-solving or complex thought processes. Thus, the cortex stands out as the critical area for the higher-level cognitive functions involved in complex thinking and problem solving.